When you have to go to the emergency room for a bite (and how others cure)

When you have to go to the emergency room for a bite (and how others cure)

When you have to go to the emergency room for a bite (and how others cure)

Hateful, especially when they fly near the ear while we sleep.Annoying, unpleasant, dirty, disgusting, disgusting ... how many more pejorative adjectives can we attribute to insects and arthropods?It is inevitable to launch all these expletives when you have a wasp fluttering near your face or when you see the tiny body of your baby riddled by mosquitoes.And dangerous?In some countries it should definitely add it to the list of qualifiers (the diseases that the mosquito kill in the world 725.000 people a year) and in Spain, according to experts, it should not be ruled out.According to a Sotfware developed by the University of Oviedo, there is the risk of introduction in Spain of the diseases transmitted by the Tigre mosquito and the probability that the different Spanish regions would have to be affected.Valencia, Alicante, Castellón, Gerona and Barcelona are the ones that would be at risk.

"It is true that we talk about probability, but we cannot be resound when discarding Spain in the transmission of infectious diseases through bites.An example is the bite by the Tigre mosquito, a species native to Southeast Asia and responsible for the transmission of infectious tropical diseases, which our country has already reached some coastal areas, "explains the internist at the Vithas Pardo de Aravaca Hospital David Felipe FelipeGómez.In fact, there have already been cases of native dengue in our country.Of course, it's not common.According to Justo Menéndez, Head of the Emergency Department of HM Hospitals in Madrid, "Spain is a country of risk of bites and, although many of tropical diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, dengue, chikungunya or zika do not exist in our country, there are many cases of leishmaniosis (which transmits the sandfly) or Lyme's disease, which transmits the ticks ".

But when do you have to go to the doctor for a sting?"Above all, it will depend on whether symptoms related to an allergic process or if the affected person has been able to see the insect causing the bite, since it is not the same as they pique you or fleas, whose bites are very uncomfortable and chop verythat rarely give rise to serious problems, to pique a scorpion or a tick, for example, "Gomez explains."Also, regardless of the insect that has caused it, if the bite has attacked delicate areas such as the face, the head doctor is also convenient.If it causes an injury with bacterial infection, the pain persists and a urticaria eruption has been formed that is made bigger, producing necrosis (death of the tissues) and fever, you have to go to the emergency services, "says the doctor.

When the allergy appears, better to have a professional opinion

"The symptoms related to an allergic process after the bite are the ones that are most seen in the Emergency Department, people who have a generalized eruption, with much itching and injuries type habón, with facial swelling centered on the eyelids or difficulty breathing", explains Justo Menéndez.All insects that transmit poison are capable of causing an allergic reaction as described."If these only bite or bite, without transmitting poison, as is the case the mosquitoes, it is always more rare to develop an allergy, in this case it would be to saliva or the anticoagulant substances that secrete some hematophages, but it is not impossible either.It is exceptional that this happens, but in certain people contact with mosquito saliva could end up causing a severe allergy picture, "says Gomez.The prevalence of saliva allergy is unknown, but there is scientific literature that quantifies that 3% of the population can react to it exaggerated, although the vast majority of allergic reactions are usually caused by bees or wasps.

Cuándo hay que ir a Urgencias por una picadura (y cómo se curan las demás)

The reaction to the poison of these insects can range from a mild reaction (an inflammation that is limited to the bite area, without exceeding 10 centimeters in diameter and that can last around a week) to anaphylaxis, an allergic reactionSerious, more extreme cases that must be attended as soon as possible (sometimes, a delay of more than half an hour to treat it can lead to the person entering shock).But that the allergic reaction is more or less serious depends on several factors, among which are taking medications that can aggravate the situation.

The ticks, better as a doctor is extracted

"Ticks can transmit several important diseases (LYME, Rickettiosis, Babesiosis, Crimea-Congo), although it should be noted that most bites are harmless.Of course, if she does not let go, the first thing to do is retire it, "explains Justo Menéndez.In these cases, you always have to go to the emergency room."We must not listen to certain popular traditions, such as the application of ether, varnish, nail or oil lacque.If extracted at home, it is not recommended to burn or crush the tick, but to put it in alcohol in a sealed container for subsequent recognition in specialized centers (there are different species of ticks, some more susceptible than others to transmit diseases).If the tick is released or an injury is extracted mechanically, it can disappear in 48 hours, although it is also possible to get worse, especially when infected with scratch, "says Felipe Gómez.

Are spiders always harmless?

"In Spain there are several species, whose bites are mostly treated as a slight bite.But there are some that could generate a potential danger to the human being, such as Latrodectus tredimuttatus (black female widow), loxoscelescelescens (brown spider or corners) or the tarantula lycosa (European tarantula) ", lists Gómez.Actually, we say that a spider has chopped us, but the truth is that they bite, that is the way through which they transmit their poison.In the case of the black widow, it should be noted that the concrete species that inhabits Spain is much less toxic than, for example, the one that lives in America, but in some people, especially in children, it can make more or less reaction.

At the beginning it is an injury that goes unnoticed, but at half an hour a urticaria -shaped plaque appears with an erythematous halo and two points, the signs of chelickers -the oral pieces of arthropods -.These bites are treated washing the area and applying cold, but in some health centers, especially rural areas where more spiders live, a poison extractor is used.In a minority of spider sting cases there are more severe symptoms (with strong pain, abdominal stiffness, chest pain, muscle contractures and psychomotor alterations), although all patients recovered without problems.

Before the dangerous bite of a scorpion

"That we know at the moment, two species inhabit the peninsula: yellow or scorpleDefined, and with a black point in the center, and the black scorpion, which leaves an injury with blisters inside, "says HM Hm Hospitals."Every year bites produced by the scorpion, which bite and transmit their poison through the sting located at the end of its tail.Many of these animals are poisonous and, although very rarely their poison is deadly for an adult, black can occasionally cause headache, vomiting, fever or dyspnea, "the doctor clarifies.Normally, to prevent the poison from being absorbed, it is recommended to apply local cold and put the part of the affected body, as well as take a local analgesic, but if we are sure that this animal has been the cause of the bite, it is betterAlways go to the nearest medical center for professionals to evaluate the injury and decide if the antitetanic vaccine must be applied.

How is a bite at home

Almost all insect bites improve in hours or a few days and in most cases it occurs spontaneously.Experts list the following measures that can be applied in most cases.

The first thing to do is wash the skin with soap and water, without breaking the blisters or vesicles, if there are.Then you have to extract foreign bodies such as stings or the remains of a tick.To do this, you have to resort to a sterilized or scraping clamp, but never by suction or hands.

Apply local cold, since it causes an anti -inflammatory and analgesic effect, in addition to helping to reduce the absorption of some poisons.Heat, on the contrary, can inactivate some toxins.If it bites a lot, it is good to use calamine or ammonia lotions, which decrease the itching and irritation of the skin, in addition to neutralizing the poison.

The next task of the list is local disinfection, preferably with agents that do not collaborate.Topical corticosteroids, whose power is mild, are recommended by the doctor when the reaction is very intense, and can be taken antihistamines and oral analgesics, in case of an allergic reaction and a lot of pain..

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